Who should be able to request an ethics consultation? The answer to this question has political as well as moral implications. On the one hand, if only physicians have access to ethics consultation, many important ethical issues may never be examined (Tulsky and Lo). On the other hand,
permitting patients, families, and other health professionals to request ethics consultation, especially without the physician’s concurrence, might discourage more direct communication, disrupt physician-patient relationships, or undermine physician authority. The last possibility would be most threatening to authoritarian-minded physicians and very likely would challenge the traditional power structure of
many hospitals. This may explain the gap between the argument in the literature for the ideal—that patients,
families, and nurses should be able to request an ethics consultation—and the impression that many institutions do
not permit, and almost none actively encourage, patient, family, or other health professional requests for ethics
consultation. The ability to ask for consultation is only one question concerning patient and family access to and control over the
consultation process. Other hoodia diet questions include whether the patient or family should have authority to (1) call a consultation when the physician refuses to do so; (2) be informed routinely when consultations are requested by physicians; (3) veto physician-initiated consultation requests; (4) participate in all ethics consultations if they wish; and (5) receive verbal or written information about the consultant’s
findings and recommendations. Some argue that an insistence on a rights-based approach to these questions would
doom ethics consultation services to failure in modern hospitals because of political considerations (Agich and Youngner).
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Access to Hoodia Diet Ethics Consultation
Sunday, February 14th, 2010Hoodia diet movement
Friday, January 29th, 2010By the mid-1980s, a movement had begun to establish institutional ethics committees in healthcare facilities, especially in hospitals. In 1982, only 1 percent of all U.S. hospitals had diet ethics committees; by 1987, over 60 percent
did (Fleetwood et al.). Ethics committees were endorsed in this period by leading professional groups, including the
American Medical Association, the American Hospital Association, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the American Academy of Neurologists. Growth in the number of institutional ethics committees continued into the 1990s
and spread to nursing homes and hospices (Glaser). It is likely that the number and influence of these committees
will grow as the length of stay in hospitals continues to decline and more patient days are spent outside hospitals.
Moreover, with the shift of many kinds of care to alternative sites, it is likely that other institutional ethics committees
will develop and spread—in home-healthcare agencies and managed-care networks, for example. Hospital ethics committees remain, however, the most common institutional ethics committees and the most closely analyzed in bioethics literature.